UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON-LINE

In 1949, while a Territory, Alaska enacted a statute which levied a tax at the rate of 1% on all real and personal property. In 1953, the tax statute was repealed, but the repeal was expressly declared not applicable to

"any taxes which have been levied and assessed by any municipality, school, or public utility district [under the repealed statute] or which are levied and assessed during the current fiscal year of such municipality, school or public utility district."

Alaska has a general law saving rights accrued under a statute that is repealed. After repeal of the tax statute, Alaska instituted suits to collect taxes which had accrued thereunder and remained unpaid.

Held: liability for such taxes survived the repeal. Pp. 358 U. S. 224-227.

(a) The exception in the repealing statute applies only to taxes payable to a municipality, a school district, or a public utility district, and it does not interfere with the collection of unpaid taxes which accrued prior to repeal. Pp. 358 U. S. 225-226.

(b) Judicial notice is taken of the legislative history of the repealing statute, including the original bill, which, though not in the Journals, was in the possession of the Secretary of State, and was certified by him. Pp. 358 U. S. 226-227.

246 F.2d 493 reversed, and cause remanded for further proceedings.

MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

Alaska, while a Territory, enacted a law which levied a tax at the rate of 1 percent on all real and personal property. clubjuris

Page 358 U. S. 225

L.1949, c. 10, § 3. The tax was challenged in litigation without success. [Footnote 1] Some paid the tax voluntarily; others became delinquent. In 1953, the tax statute was repealed. L.1953, c. 22. Thereafter, petitioner instituted the present suits to collect taxes owing for the years 1949 to 1952, inclusive. The District Court granted a motion to dismiss, holding that no liability for these taxes had survived the repeal. 137 F.Supp. 181. The Court of Appeals affirmed. 246 F.2d 493. The case is here by a petition for writ of certiorari which was granted in view of the fiscal importance of the question to Alaska. 356 U.S. 926.

Alaska has a general law, saving rights accrued under a statute that is repealed. [Footnote 2] The lower courts, however, held that this case was governed not by that provision, but by § 2(a) of the repealing Act, which reads as follows:

"Section 1 of this Act [Footnote 3] shall not be applicable to:"

"(a) any taxes which have been levied and assessed by any municipality, school or public utility district under the provisions of Chapter 10, Session

Page 358 U. S. 226

Laws of Alaska 1949, as amended, or which are levied and assessed during the current fiscal year of such municipality, school or public utility district."

It was held that this specific enactment qualifies the general repeal law, and that the purpose of the 1953 Act was to wipe out any and all liabilities to pay taxes under the repealed law that had accrued prior to the date of repeal. Support for that conclusion was found in the title of the 1953 Act which includes the words "excepting from repeal certain taxes," no qualifications whatsoever being indicated.

We take a different view. Section 2(a) of the 1953 Act, as we read it, has nothing to do with any taxes other than those payable to a municipality, a school, or public utility district, none of which is here involved. If it had done no more than save all accrued taxes in those categories, the case would be in quite a different posture. Section 2(a), however, does not do that. It was protective of municipal, school, or public utility taxes in a much broader way. It saved, first, those taxes that had been "levied and assessed," and, second, those to be "levied and assessed during the current fiscal year." This was to make sure, as the dissent below said, that municipalities and school and public utility districts (though not the Territory itself) would have the right to levy and collect the old taxes for the current year 1953, whether before or after the repealing Act had taken effect. So construed, § 2(a) carves no exception from the general saving statute, and does not interfere with the collection of unpaid taxes which accrued prior to repeal.

We are reinforced in this conclusion by the legislative history of the bill [Footnote 4] that became the repealing Act, a history clubjuris

Page 358 U. S. 227

of which we take judicial notice. See United States v. American Trucking Assns., 310 U. S. 534, 310 U. S. 547. And see Wigmore on Evidence (3d ed. 1940) § 2577. The bill as introduced "cancelled, repealed and abrogated, and declared null and void" "all accrued and unpaid taxes" under the 1949 Act. That provision was deleted, however, by a House Committee, and it never became part of the law. The bill passed the House without it. The present § 2(a) was added in the Senate; and the House agreed. If we adopted the construction taken below, we would be reading into the Act by implication what the Legislature seemingly rejected.

The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and, as there are other questions which were raised by the appeal (246 F.2d 493, 495) but not reached by that court, the cause is remanded to it for proceedings in conformity with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

MR. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER and MR. JUSTICE HARLAN took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

[Footnote 1]

See Mullaney v. Hess, 189 F.2d 417; Hess v. Mullaney, 213 F.2d 635.

[Footnote 2]

Alaska Comp.L.Ann.1949, § 19-1-1, reads as follows:

"The repeal or amendment of any statute shall not affect any offense committed or any act done or right accruing or accrued or any action or proceeding had or commenced prior to such repeal or amendment; nor shall any penalty, forfeiture or liability incurred under such statute be released or extinguished, but the same may be enforced, continued, sustained, prosecuted and punished under the repealing or amendatory statute save as limited by the ex post facto and other provisions of the Constitution, in which event the same may be enforced, continued, sustained, prosecuted and punished under the former law as if such repeal or amendment had not been made."

[Footnote 3]

Section 1 of the 1953 Act provides:

"That Chapter 10, Session Laws of Alaska, 1949, as amended by Chapter 88, Session Laws of Alaska, 1949, be and it is hereby repealed."

[Footnote 4]

We refer to the Alaska House and Senate Journals and to the original bill as introduced in the House which is on file with the Secretary of Alaska, a copy being certified by him.